Abstract | A methodology is presented on assessing the seismic risk of buried steel pipelines crossing active tectonic faults through a comprehensive analysis by incorporating the uncertainty of the loading resulting from fault movement, soil response and the response of the pipeline itself. The proposed methodology is a two-step process. In the first step Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard analysis is implemented to quantify the probabilistic nature of the load, namely the imposed differential displacement on the pipeline due to large permanent fault displacements, incorporating all pertinent uncertainties regarding, for example, seismicity rate, maximum moment magnitude, etc. The second step is the “transition” from seismological data to pipeline structural response through a vector intensity measure represented by the fault displacement components in 3D. Advanced pipeline numerical simulations are then carried out in order to form pipeline strain hazard curves as a useful engineering tool for pipeline fault crossing seismic risk assessment.